physics formulas for class 11

Sure! Here are some important physics formulas for Class 11:

1. Motion in a Straight Line:
– Average Speed: `v_avg = (Δx) / (Δt)`
– Instantaneous Speed: `v = lim(Δt -> 0) (Δx) / (Δt)`
– Average Velocity: `v_avg = (Δx) / (Δt)`
– Instantaneous Velocity: `v = lim(Δt -> 0) (Δx) / (Δt)`
– Acceleration: `a = (v – u) / (t)`
– Kinematic Equation: `v = u + at`
– Kinematic Equation: `s = ut + (1/2)at^2`
– Kinematic Equation: `v^2 = u^2 + 2as`

2. Motion in a Plane:
– Displacement Vector: `Δr = r_f – r_i`
– Average Velocity Vector: `v_avg = Δr / Δt`
– Instantaneous Velocity Vector: `v = dr / dt`
– Average Acceleration Vector: `a_avg = Δv / Δt`
– Instantaneous Acceleration Vector: `a = dv / dt`
– Projectile Motion (Horizontal Motion): `x = u * t`
– Projectile Motion (Vertical Motion): `y = u * t – (1/2)gt^2`

3. Laws of Motion:
– Newton’s First Law: `ΣF = 0` (Net force on an object at rest or moving with constant velocity is zero)
– Newton’s Second Law: `ΣF = ma` (Net force is proportional to mass and acceleration)
– Newton’s Third Law: `F_12 = -F_21` (Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction)

4. Gravitation:
– Universal Law of Gravitation: `F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2`
– Gravitational Potential Energy: `PE = -G * (m1 * m2) / r`
– Gravitational Potential: `V = -G * m / r`

5. Work, Energy, and Power:
– Work Done: `W = F * d * cos(θ)`
– Kinetic Energy: `KE = (1/2) * m * v^2`
– Gravitational Potential Energy: `PE = m * g * h`
– Work-Energy Theorem: `ΔKE = W_net`
– Power: `P = W / t`

6. Thermodynamics:
– First Law of Thermodynamics: `ΔU = Q – W` (Change in internal energy = Heat added – Work done)
– Heat Transfer: `Q = m * c * ΔT` (Q = Heat transferred, m = mass, c = specific heat capacity, ΔT = change in temperature)

7. Oscillations and Waves:
– Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): `x(t) = A * cos(ωt + φ)`
– SHM Displacement Equation: `x(t) = A * sin(ωt + φ)`
– Period of SHM: `T = (2π) / ω`
– Wave Velocity: `v = f * λ` (v = velocity, f = frequency, λ = wavelength)

These are some of the fundamental physics formulas for Class 11. Make sure to understand the concepts behind these formulas and how to use them in different situations. Remember that practicing numerical problems and understanding the underlying principles will help you master physics.