Certainly! Here are some important physics formulas for Class 12:
1. Mechanics:
– Newton’s Second Law: F = ma
– Gravitational Force: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
– Work: W = F * d * cos(theta)
– Kinetic Energy: KE = (1/2) * m * v^2
– Potential Energy (Gravitational): PE = m * g * h
– Power: P = W / t
– Impulse: J = F * t
– Momentum: p = m * v
– Angular Velocity: ω = Δθ / Δt
– Torque: τ = r * F * sin(theta)
2. Thermodynamics:
– First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q – W
– Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
– Heat Transfer: Q = mcΔT (for specific heat)
– Efficiency of a heat engine: η = (W_net / Q_H) * 100%
3. Electromagnetism:
– Coulomb’s Law: F = k * |q1 * q2| / r^2
– Electric Field: E = F / q
– Electric Potential Energy: U = k * |q1 * q2| / r
– Ohm’s Law: V = I * R
– Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule: ΣI_in = ΣI_out
– Magnetic Field due to a straight current-carrying conductor: B = (μ₀ * I) / (2π * r)
– Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction: ε = -dΦ/dt
4. Optics:
– Snell’s Law: n1 * sin(theta1) = n2 * sin(theta2)
– Lens Formula: (1/v) – (1/u) = 1/f
– Magnification: m = -v/u
– Young’s Double-Slit Interference: dsin(theta) = m * λ (m is an integer)
– Critical Angle: sin(critical angle) = n₂ / n₁
5. Modern Physics:
– Planck’s Law: E = hf
– Photoelectric Effect: K.E. = hf – Φ (K.E. is kinetic energy, Φ is work function)
– de Broglie Wavelength: λ = h / p
– Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence: E = mc^2
– Decay Law (Radioactivity): N(t) = N₀ * e^(-λt)
Please note that these are some fundamental physics formulas for Class 12, and your specific curriculum may include additional topics or variations. Always check with your teacher or textbook for the exact formulas required for your course.
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